bourgeois
As the human type that most blatantly represents the dividedness, the materialism, and the phoniness of modern life, the bourgeois comes under fierce attack in Rousseau's writings. Although the term originally meant simply the inhabitant of a bourg, or town, in Rousseau's work it refers to a person who is neither true to himself nor fully dedicated to others. For a recent work focusing on this aspect of Rousseau's thought see Clifford Orwin and Nathan Tarcov, ed., The Legacy of Rousseau (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).